Together we drive innovation, fuels and technology

The OK® Hydrogen Branding and Logo's are being recognized as one of the most powerful and influential symbols, future impact brands and commercial identities of the new sustainable age, designed to accelerate the effective integration of hydrogen and new energy Innovation, products and solutions. Effectively empowering sustainability, commercial and social change through association, innovation and market impact, the commercial identities and power branding revolves around the 90° Degree rotation of the word "OK" to assimilate a person, an individual, whilst an arrow simultaneously directs our focus on our current world.

Driving Hydrogen Innovation
There is a no more powerful commercial identity and Impact brand than OK Hydrogen to stimulate: Collaboration, Focus and Action: Individuals, Innovation, People and Enterprise working together as an effective force to drive and distribute hydrogen innovation to address the fuel and energy demands of an ever growing global populous and power dependant economy.

OK Hydrogen Product, Fuel and Power Distribution
OK Hydrogen Branding and commercial Identities, have the ability to effectively to define a natural global presence. OK Hydrogen is being developed to accelerate hydrogen market transformation, to appeal to customers, client and end user’s, inspiring confidence and surety to optimize engagement , commercial activity and growth through marketing impact: OK Hydrogen is working closely with its core partners to define its structure to drive and distribute innovation, products, fuels and solutions towards the industrial, commercial and mainstream markets:

The versatility of this commercial identity can be applied to all hydrogen sector markets, hydrogen technologies, hydrogen engineering, manufacturing and process, hydrogen fuels, fuel cells, fuel distribution, Transport Infrastructure and Design solutions, OK Hydrogen Branded Products, Fuels and Services, Hydrogen Risk Assessments, Hydrogen Assurance, Hydrogen Verification and Hydrogen Accreditation:

Tagline: OK Hydrogen “You Power”

Versatility : Adaptability : Brand Logic : OK Hydrogen can be applied to all Hydrogen Emerging markets: Branded Products, Technologies, Fuels , Solutions and Services for Industry, Commercial and Domestic /Residential Sector
Actively Penetrate the Emerging Hydrogen Sectors and Growth Markets including USA, UK, Europe, China, India, Asia
OK Hydrogen will effectively drive hydrogen innovation towards the mainstream through association, empowerment and market impact!
Assist Regional / International Governments and NGO's in the promotion of hydrogen technology and fuel integration accelerating sustainable change
Attract Public and Private Investment ( objective looking towards public flotation)
Optimize Regional Funding and Governmental Support
A Competitive Advantage: A Surety, Confidence & Power Brand / Enterprise: OK Hydrogen is a Preferred Supplier for Future Tender & Integrated Projects
Designed to focus on some of the largest emerging growth markets: Attract Global Talent, Attract Global Media and Mass Market Engagement to Optimize Hydrogen Integration, Commercial Activity and ROI

A

AC Generator (or Alternator): An electric device that produces an electric current that reverses direction many times per second. Also called a synchronous generator.
Adsorption: The adhesion of the molecules of gases, dissolved substances, or liquids to the surface of the solids or liquids with which they are in contact.
Air: The mixture of oxygen, nitrogen, and other gases that, with varying amounts of water vapor, forms the atmosphere of the earth.
Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC): A type of hydrogen/oxygen fuel cell in which the electrolyte is concentrated potassium hydroxide (KOH) and the hydroxide ions (OH-) are transported from the cathode to the anode.
Alloy: Mixture containing mostly metals. For example, brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. Steel contains iron and other metals but also carbon.
Alternating Current (AC): A type of current that flows from positive to negative and from negative to positive in the same conductor.
Alternative Fuel: An alternative to gasoline or diesel fuel that is not produced in a conventional way from crude oil. Examples include compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), ethanol, methanol, and hydrogen.
Ambient Air: The air surrounding a given object or system.
Ambient Temperature: The temperature of the surrounding medium, usually used to refer to the temperature of the air in which a structure is situated or a device operates.
Anion: A negatively charged ion; an ion that is attracted to the anode.
Anode: The electrode at which oxidation (a loss of electrons) takes place. For fuel cells and other galvanic cells, the anode is the negative terminal; for electrolytic cells (where electrolysis occurs), the anode is the positive terminal.
Atmospheric Pressure: The force exerted by the movement of air in the atmosphere, usually measured in units of force per area. For fuel cells, atmospheric pressure is usually used to describe a system where the only pressure acting on the system is from the atmoshpere; no external pressure is applied.
Atom: The smallest physical unit of a chemical element that can still retain all the physical and chemical properties of that element. Atoms combine to form molecules, and they themselves contain several kinds of smaller particles. An atom has a dense central core (the nucleus) consisting of positively charged particles (protons) and uncharged particles (neutrons). Negatively charged particles (electrons) are scattered in a relatively large space around this nucleus and move about it in orbital patterns at extremely high speeds. An atom contains the same number of protons as electrons and thus is electrically neutral (uncharged) and stable under most conditions.

B

Battery: An energy storage device that produces electricity by means of chemical action. It consists of one or more electric cells each of which has all the chemicals and parts needed to produce an electric current.
Bipolar Plates: The Conductive plate in a fuel cell stack that acts as an anode for one cell and a cathode for the adjacent cell. The plate may be made of metal or a conductive polymer (which may be a carbon-filled composite). The plate usually incorporates flow channels for the fluid feeds and may also contain conduits for heat transfer.
British Thermal Unit (BTU): The mean British Thermal Unit is 1/180 of the heat required to raise the temperature of one pound (1 lb.) of water from 32°F to 212°F at a constant atmospheric pressure. The BYU is equal to the quantity of heat required to raise one pound (1 lb.) of water 1°F.

C

Carbon (C): An atom and primary constituent of hydrocarbon fuels. Carbon is routinely left as a black deposit on engine parts, such as pistons, rings, and valves, by the combustion of fuel.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2): A colorless, odorless, noncombustible gas that is slightly more than 1.5 times as dense as air and becomes a solid (dry ice) below –78.5°C. It is present in the atmosphere as a result of the decay of organic material and the respiration of living organisms. It is produced by the burning of wood, coal, coke, oil, natural gas, or other fuels containing carbon.
Carbon Monoxide (CO): A colorless, odorless, tasteless, poisonous gas that results from incomplete combustion of carbon with oxygen.
Catalyst: A chemical substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed; after the reaction, it can potentially be recovered from the reaction mixture and is chemically unchanged. The catalyst lowers the activation energy required, allowing the reaction to proceed more quickly or at a lower temperature. In a fuel cell, the catalyst facilitates the reaction of oxygen and hydrogen. It is usually made of platinum powder very thinly coated onto carbon paper or cloth. The catalyst is rough and porous so the maximum surface area of the platinum can be exposed to the hydrogen or oxygen. The platinum-coated side of the catalyst faces the membrane in the fuel cell.
Catalyst Poisoning: The process of impurities binding to a fuel cell's catalyst, lowering the catalyst's ability to facilitate the desired chemical reaction. See also fuel cell poisoning.
Cathode: The electrode at which reduction (a gain of electrons) occurs. For fuel cells and other galvanic cells, the cathode is the positive terminal; for electrolytic cells (where electrolysis occurs), the cathode is the negative terminal.
Cation: A positively charged ion.
Celsius: The metric temperature scale and unit of temperature (°C). Named for Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744) even though the thermometer first advocated by him in 1743 had 100° as the freezing point of water and 0° as the boiling point, the reverse of the modern Celsius scale. Also called the Centigrade scale (Latin for "hundred degrees").
Centimeter (cm): A metric unit of linear measure. One centimeter equals about 0.4 inch, and one inch equals about 2.5 centimeters. One foot is equal to approximately 30 centimeters.
Combustion: The burning fire produced by the proper combination of fuel, heat, and oxygen. In the engine, the rapid burning of the air-fuel mixture that occurs in the combustion chamber.
Combustion Chamber: In an internal combustion engine, the space between the top of the piston and the cylinder head in which the air-fuel mixture is burned.
Composite: Material created by combining materials differing in composition or form on a macroscale to obtain specific characteristics and properties. The constituents retain their identity; they can be physically identified, and they exhibit an interface among one another.
Compressed Hydrogen Gas (CHG): Hydrogen gas compressed to a high pressure and stored at ambient temperature.
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG): Mixtures of hydrocarbon gases and vapors, consisting principally of methane in gaseous form that has been compressed.
Compressor: A device used for increasing the pressure and density of gas. Also see Turbocharger.
Cryogenic Liquefaction: The process through which gases such as nitrogen, hydrogen, helium, and natural gas are liquefied under pressure at very low temperatures.
Current Collector: The conductive material in a fuel cell that collects electrons (on the anode side) or disburses electrons (on the cathode side). Current collectors are microporous (to allow fluid to flow through them) and lie in between the catalyst/electrolyte surfaces and the bipolar plates.

D

Density: The amount of mass in a unit volume. Density varies with temperature and pressure.
Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC): A type of fuel cell in which the fuel is methanol (CH3OH) in gaseous or liquid form. The methanol is oxidized directly at the anode instead of first being reformed to produce hydrogen. The electrolyte is typically a PEM.
Dispersion: The spatial property of being scattered over an area or volume.

E

Electrode: A conductor through which electrons enter or leave an electrolyte. Batteries and fuel cells have a negative electrode (the anode) and a positive electrode (the cathode).
Electrolysis: A process that uses electricity, passing through an electrolytic solution or other appropriate medium, to cause a reaction that breaks chemical bonds (e.g., electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen and oxygen).
Electrolyte: A substance that conducts charged ions from one electrode to the other in a fuel cell, battery, or electrolyzer.
Electron: A stable atomic particle that has a negative charge; the flow of electrons through a substance constitutes electricity.
Emission Standards: Regulatory standards that govern the amount of a given pollutant that can be discharged into the air from a given source.
Endothermic: A chemical reaction that absorbs or requires energy (usually in the form of heat).
Energy: The quantity of work a system or substance is capable of doing, usually measured in British Thermal Units (BTU) or Joules (J).
Energy Content: Amount of energy for a given weight of fuel.
Energy Density: Amount of potential energy in a given measurement of fuel. See Gravimetric Energy Density and Volumetric Energy Density.
Engine: A machine that converts heat energy into mechanical energy.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH): An alcohol containing two carbon atoms. Ethanol is a clear, colorless liquid and is the same alcohol found in beer, wine, and whiskey. Ethanol can be produced from cellulosic materials or by fermenting a sugar solution with yeast.
Exhaust Emissions: Materials emitted into the atmosphere through any opening downstream of the exhaust ports of an engine, including water, particulates, and pollutants.
Exothermic: A chemical reaction that gives off heat.

F

Fahrenheit: A temperature scale and unit of temperature (°F) named for German physicist Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit (1686–1736), who was the first to use mercury as a thermometric fluid in 1714.
Flammability Limits: The flammability range of a gas is defined in terms of its lower flammability limit (LFL) and its upper flammability limit (UFL). Between the two limits is the flammable range in which the gas and air are in the right proportions to burn when ignited. Below the lower flammability limit, there is not enough fuel to burn. Above the higher flammability limit, there is not enough air to support combustion.
Flashpoint: The lowest temperature under very specific conditions at which a substance will begin to burn.
Flexible Fuel Vehicle: A vehicle that can operate on a wide range of fuel blends (e.g., blends of gasoline and alcohol) that can be put in the same fuel tank.
Fuel: A material used to create heat or power through conversion in such processes as combustion or electrochemistry.
Fuel Cell: A device that produces electricity through an electrochemical process, usually from hydrogen and oxygen.
Fuel Cell Poisoning: The lowering of a fuel cell's efficiency due to impurities in the fuel binding to the catalyst.
Fuel Cell Stack: Individual fuel cells connected in a series. Fuel cells are stacked to increase voltage.
Fuel Processor: Device used to generate hydrogen from fuels such as natural gas, propane, gasoline, methanol, and ethanol for use in fuel cells.

G

Gas: Fuel gas such as natural gas, undiluted liquefied petroleum gases (vapor phase only), liquefied petroleum gas-air mixtures, or mixtures of these gases.
Natural Gas—Mixtures of hydrocarbon gases and vapors consisting principally of methane (CH4) in gaseous form.

Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG)—Any material composed predominantly of any of the following hydrocarbons or mixtures of them: propane, propylene, butanes (normal butane or isobutane) and butylenes.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Air Mixture—Liquefied petroleum gases distributed at relatively low pressures and normal atmospheric temperatures that have been diluted with air to produce desired heating value and utilization characteristics.
Gas Diffusion: Mixing of two gases caused by random molecular motions. Gases diffuse very quickly, liquids diffuse much more slowly, and solids diffuse at very slow (but often measurable) rates. Molecular collisions make diffusion slower in liquids and solids.
Graphite: Mineral consisting of a form of carbon that is soft, black, and lustrous and has a greasy feeling. Graphite is used in pencils, crucibles, lubricants, paints, and polishes.
Gravimetric Energy Density: Potential energy in a given weight of fuel.
Greenhouse Effect: Warming of the Earth's atmosphere due to gases in the atmosphere that allow solar radiation (visible, ultraviolet) to reach the Earth's atmosphere but do not allow the emitted infrared radiation to pass back out of the Earth's atmosphere.
Greenhouse Gas (GHG): Gases in the Earth's atmosphere that contribute to the greenhouse effect.

H

Heat Exchanger: Device (e.g., a radiator) that is designed to transfer heat from the hot coolant that flows through it to the air blown through it by the fan.
Heating Value (TOTAL): The number of British Thermal Units (BTU) produced by the combustion of one cubic foot of gas at constant pressure when the products of combustion are cooled to the initial temperature of the gas and air, when the water vapor formed during combustion is condensed, and when all the necessary corrections have been applied.
Lower (LHV)—The value of the heat of combustion of a fuel measured by allowing all products of combustion to remain in the gaseous state. This method of measure does not take into account the heat energy put into the vaporization of water (heat of vaporization).

Higher (HHV)—The value of the heat of combustion of a fuel measured by reducing all of the products of combustion back to their original temperature and condensing all water vapor formed by combustion. This value takes into account the heat of vaporization of water.
Higher Heating Value (HHV): See heating value.
Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV): A vehicle combining a battery-powered electric motor with a traditional internal combustion engine. The vehicle can run on either the battery or the engine or both simultaneously, depending on the performance objectives for the vehicle.
Hydrides: Chemical compounds formed when hydrogen gas reacts with metals. Used for storing hydrogen gas.
Hydrocarbon (HC): An organic compound containing carbon and hydrogen, usually derived from fossil fuels, such as petroleum, natural gas, and coal.
Hydrogen (H2): Hydrogen (H) is the most abundant element in the universe, but it is generally bonded to another element. Hydrogen gas (H2) is a diatomic gas composed of two hydrogen atoms and is colorless and odorless. Hydrogen is flammable when mixed with oxygen over a wide range of concentrations.
Hydrogen-Rich Fuel: A fuel that contains a significant amount of hydrogen, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, methanol (CH3OH), ethanol (CH3CH2OH), natural gas, and coal.

I

Impurities: Undesirable foreign material(s) in a pure substance or mixture.
Internal Combustion Engine (ICE): An engine that converts the energy contained in a fuel inside the engine into motion by combusting the fuel. Combustion engines use the pressure created by the expansion of combustion product gases to do mechanical work.
Ion: Atom or molecule that carries a positive or negative charge because of the loss or gain of electrons.

K

Kilogram (kg): Metric unit of weight or mass equal to approximately 2.2 lb. Related units are the milligram (mg) at 1000 per kg and the metric tonne at 1000 kg.
Kilowatt (kW): A unit of power equal to about 1.34 horsepower or 1,000 watts.

L

LH2: See liquefied hydrogen.
Liquefied Hydrogen (LH2): Hydrogen in liquid form. Hydrogen can exist in a liquid state but only at extremely cold temperatures. Liquid hydrogen typically has to be stored at -253°C (-423°F). The temperature requirements for liquid hydrogen storage necessitate expending energy to compress and chill the hydrogen into its liquid state.
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG): Natural gas in liquid form. Natural gas is a liquid at -162°C (-259°F) at ambient pressure.
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG): Any material that consists predominantly of any of the following hydrocarbons or mixtures of hydrocarbons: propane, propylene, normal butane, isobutylene, and butylenes. LPG is usually stored under pressure to maintain the mixture in the liquid state.
Liquid: A substance that, unlike a solid, flows readily but, unlike a gas, does not tend to expand indefinitely.
Lower Heating Value: See heating value.

M

Mechanical Energy: Energy in a mechanical form.
Megawatt (MW): A unit of power equal to one million watts or 1,000 kilowatts.
Membrane: The separating layer in a fuel cell that acts as electrolyte (an ion-exchanger) as well as a barrier film separating the gases in the anode and cathode compartments of the fuel cell.
Meter (m): Basic metric unit of length equal to 3.28 feet, 1.09 yards, or 39.37 inches. Related units are the decimeter (dm) at 10 per meter, the centimeter (cm) at 100 per meter, the millimeter (mm) at 1000 per meter, and the kilometer (km) at 1000 per meter.
Methane (CH4): See natural gas.
Methanol (CH3OH): An alcohol containing one carbon atom. It has been used, together with some of the higher alcohols, as a high-octane gasoline component and is a useful automotive fuel.
Miles Per Gallon Equivalent (MPGE): Energy content equivalent to that of a gallon of gasoline (114,32 BTU).
Millimeter (mm): Metric unit of length equal to 0.04 inches. There are 25 millimeters in an inch and 1000 millimeters in a meter.
Milliwatt (mW): A unit of power equal to one-thousandth of a watt.
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC): A type of fuel cell that contains a molten carbonate electrolyte. Carbonate ions (CO3-2) are transported from the cathode to the anode. Operating temperatures are typically near 650°C.

N

Nafion®: Sulfonic acid in a solid polymer form that is usually the electrolyte of PEM fuel cells.
Natural Gas: A naturally occurring gaseous mixture of simple hydrocarbon components (primarily methane) used as a fuel.
Nitrogen (N2): A diatomic colorless, tasteless, odorless gas that constitutes 78% of the atmosphere by volume.
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): Any chemical compound of nitrogen and oxygen. Nitrogen oxides result from high temperature and pressure in the combustion chambers of automobile engines and other power plants during the combustion process. When combined with hydrocarbons in the presence of sunlight, nitrogen oxides form smog. Nitrogen oxides are basic air pollutants; automotive exhaust emission levels of nitrogen oxides are regulated by law.

O

Oxidant: A chemical, such as oxygen, that consumes electrons in an electrochemical reaction.
Oxidation: Loss of one or more electrons by an atom, molecule, or ion.
Oxygen (O2): A diatomic colorless, tasteless, odorless, gas that makes up about 21% of air.

P

Partial Oxidation: Fuel reforming reaction where the fuel is oxidized partially to carbon monoxide and hydrogen rather than fully oxidized to carbon dioxide and water. This is accomplished by injecting air with the fuel stream prior to the reformer. The advantage of partial oxidation over steam reforming of the fuel is that it is an exothermic reaction rather than an endothermic reaction and therefore generates its own heat.
Pascal (Pa): The Pascal is the International System of Units (SI)-derived unit of pressure or stress. It is a measure of perpendicular force per unit area. It is equivalent to one newton per square meter. A megapascal equals 1,000,000 Pascals.
Permeability: Ability of a membrane or other material to permit a substance to pass through it.
Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC): A type of fuel cell in which the electrolyte consists of concentrated phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Protons (H+) are transported from the anode to the cathode. The operating temperature range is generally 160°C–220°C.
Polymer: Natural or synthetic compound composed of repeated links of simple molecules.
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM): A fuel cell incorporating a solid polymer membrane used as its electrolyte. Protons (H+) are transported from the anode to the cathode. The operating temperature range is generally 60°C–100°C.
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC or PEFC): A type of acid-based fuel cell in which the transport of protons (H+) from the anode to the cathode is through a solid, aqueous membrane impregnated with an appropriate acid. The electrolyte is a called a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM). The fuel cells typically run at low temperatures (<100°C).
Propane (C3H8): See LPG.
Proton: A subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom that carries a positive electric charge and is not movable by electrical means.
Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM): See polymer electrolyte membrane.

R

Reactant: A chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction.
Reactor: Device or process vessel in which chemical reactions (e.g., catalysis in fuel cells) take place.
Reformate: Hydrocarbon fuel that has been processed into hydrogen and other products for use in fuel cells.
Reformer: Device used to generate hydrogen from fuels such as natural gas, propane, gasoline, methanol, and ethanol for use in fuel cells.
Reforming: A chemical process in which hydrogen-containing fuels react with steam, oxygen, or both to produce a hydrogen-rich gas stream.
Reformulated Gasoline: Gasoline that is blended so that, on average, it reduces volatile organic compounds and air toxics emissions significantly relative to conventional gasolines.
Regenerative Fuel Cell: A fuel cell that produces electricity from hydrogen and oxygen and can use electricity from solar power or some other source to divide the excess water into oxygen and hydrogen fuel to be re-used by the fuel cell.
Renewable Energy: A form of energy that is never exhausted because it is renewed by nature (within short time scales; e.g., wind, solar radiation, hydro power).
Reversible Fuel Cell: See regenerative fuel cell.

S

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC): A type of fuel cell in which the electrolyte is a solid, nonporous metal oxide, typically zirconium oxide (ZrO2) treated with Y2O3, and O-2 is transported from the cathode to the anode. Any CO in the reformate gas is oxidized to CO2 at the anode. Temperatures of operation are typically 800°C–1,000°C.
Sorbent: Material that sorbs another (i.e., has the capacity or tendency to take it up either by adsorption or absorption).
Sorption: Process by which one substance takes up or holds another.
Stack: See fuel cell stack.
Steam Reforming: The process for reacting a hydrocarbon fuel, such as natural gas, with steam to produce hydrogen as a product. This is a common method for bulk hydrogen generation.

T

Technology Validation: Confirming that technical targets for a given technology have been met.
Temperature: A measure of thermal content. See also ambient temperature.
Turbine: Machine for generating rotary mechanical power from the energy in a stream of fluid. The energy, originally in the form of head or pressure energy, is converted to velocity energy by passing through a system of stationary and moving blades in the turbine.
Turbocharger: A device used for increasing the pressure and density of a fluid entering a fuel cell power plant using a compressor driven by a turbine that extracts energy from the exhaust gas.
Turbocompressor: Machine for compressing air or other fluids (reactant if supplied to a fuel cell system) in order to increase the reactant pressure and concentration.

V

Volumetric Energy Density: Potential energy in a given volume of fuel.

W

Water (H2O): A colorless, transparent, odorless, tasteless liquid compound of hydrogen and oxygen. The liquid form of steam and ice. Fresh water at atmospheric pressure is used as a standard for describing the relative density of liquids, the standard for liquid capacity, and the standard for fluid flow. The melting and boiling points of water are the basis for the Celsius temperature system. Water is the only byproduct of the combination of hydrogen and oxygen and is produced during the burning of any hydrocarbon. Water is the only substance that expands on freezing as well as by heating and has a maximum density at 4°C.
Watt (W): A unit of power equal to one Joule of work performed per second; 746 watts is the equivalent of one horsepower. The watt is named for James Watt, Scottish engineer (1736–1819) and pioneer in steam engine design.
Wt.%: The term wt.% (abbreviation for weight percent) is widely used in hydrogen storage research to denote the amount of hydrogen stored on a weight basis, and the term mass % is also occasionally used. The term can be used for materials that store hydrogen or for the entire storage system (e.g., material or compressed/liquid hydrogen as well as the tank and other equipment required to contain the hydrogen such as insulation, valves, regulators, etc.). For example, 6 wt.% on a system-basis means that 6% of the entire system by weight is hydrogen. On a material basis, the wt.% is the mass of hydrogen divided by the mass of material plus hydrogen.

ACRONYMS

AC - Alternating Current

AFC - Alkaline Fuel Cell

ANL - Argonne National Laboratory

ANSI - American National Standards Institute

APU - Auxiliary Power Unit

ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ASNT - Americal Society for Nondestructive Testing

BOCA - Building Officials Code Administration

CaFCP - California Fuel Cell Parternship

CARB - California Air Resources Board

CGA - Compressed Gas Association

CSA - Canadian Standards Association

DC - Direct Current

DMFC - Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

DOD - Department of Defense

DOE - Department of Energy

DOT - Department of Transportation

FCV - Fuel Cell Vehicle

FCT - Fuel Cell Technology

FMEA - Failure Mode and Effects Analysis

FY - Fiscal Year

GHG - Greenhouse Gas

HAHC - Hydrogen Ad Hoc Committee

HCSCC - Hydrogen Codes and Standards Coordinating Committee

HTAP - Hydrogen Technical Advisory Panel

ICBO - International Conference of Building Officials

ICC - International Code Council

IEC - International Electrochemical Commission

IEEE - Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers

IFGC - International Fuel Gas Code

IRC - International Residential Code

ISA - Instrument Society of America

ISO - International Organization for Standardization

JIGA - Japan Industrial Gases Association

LANL - Los Alamos National Laboratory

LFL - Lower Flammability Limit

LHV - Lower Heating Value

MCFC - Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell

MEA - Membrane/Electrode Assembly

MSDS - Material Safety Data Sheet

NAS - National Academy of Sciences

NES - National Evaluation Services

NFPA - National Fire Protection Association

NGV - New Generation of Vehicles

NGVC - Natural Gas Vehicle Coalition

NIST - National Institute of Standards and Technology

NHA - National Hydrogen Association

NREL - National Renewable Energy Laboratory

OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration

PAFC - Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell

PATH - Partnership for Advancing the Transition to Hydrogen

PDA - Personal Digital Assistant

PEC - Photoelectrochemical

PEM - Polymer Electrolyte Membrane / Proton Exchange Membrane

PEMFC - Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell

PNNL - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

PV - Photovoltaic

R&D - Research & Development

SAE - Society of Automotive Engineers

SBCCI - Southern Building Code Congress International

SBIR - Small Business Innovations Research

SMR - Stream Methane Reforming

SOFC - Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

STTR - Small Business Technology Transfer Program

SUV - Sport Utility Vehicle

SWNT - Single Wall Nanotube

TC - Technical Committee

UBC - Uniform Building Committee

UFL - Upper Flammability Limit

UL - Underwriter's Laboratory

USFCC - U.S. Fuel Cell Council

WHEC - World Hydrogen Energy Conference

What is a fuel cell?

A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity, with water and heat as its by-product. As long as fuel is supplied, the fuel cell will continue to generate power. Since the conversion of thefuel to energy takes place via an electrochemical process, not combustion, the process is clean, quiet and highly efficient – two to three times more efficient than fuel burning.

No other energy generation technology offers thecombination of benefits that fuel cells do. In addition to low or zero emissions, benefits include high efficiency and reliability, multi-fuel capability, siting flexibility, durability, scalability and ease of maintenance. Fuel cells operate silently, so they reduce noise pollution as well as air pollution and the waste heat from a fuel cell can be used to provide hot water or space heating for a home or office.

ANSWERS to some of the questions you've been hearing and reading about hydrogen and fuel cells. If you are from the media, we've compiled some great resources for you!

Check out some of our recent OK Hydrogen conference presentations for loads of charts, images and technical information on hydrogen and fuel cell industry advancements and policy.

Fuel cell cars are on the road around the world today in fleets, testing programs and demonstration trials! Automakers are pledging to commercialize them by 2015.

Aston Martin
Dr. Ulrich Bez, Aston Martin CEO: “The technology for [electric cars] will not become truly usable until at least
2020. Real‐world driving will highlight their weaknesses... It is not something Aston Martin is working on, and it
will not represent a true alternative to the combustion engine for a long time”....Dr. Bez reportedly called for the
automotive industry to focus its efforts on the fuel cell and suggests that governments should invest resources
for their development.
http://green.autoblog.com
Daimler
Dieter Zetsche, Daimler CEO: "The chances further down the road seem to me better on the fuel‐cell side than
on the battery‐electric side."....Hydrogen, he said, beats electric batteries at moving cars long distances without
refueling. Hydrogen can also power big, roomy sedans much more readily than batteries.
http://www.businessweek.com (8/22/2010)
Ford
Gerhard Schmidt, chief technology officer for Ford's research and advanced engineering: "I'm still convinced
that there's a place for fuel cell technology when you look to the future where fossil fuels are not available in the
quantity that is needed and battery technology only has limited mileage.”
http://reviews.cnet.com/8301-13746_7-20007618-48.html?tag=mncol (1/11/2010)
GM
Britta Gross, Hydrogen and Electrical Infrastructure Commercialization manager: “...hydrogen gets you certain
performance benefits that you don't get from other alternative fuels. The advantages are too big to discard. We
can't just assume batteries are going to solve all our problems.”
http://green.autoblog.com/2009/08/31/gms‐britta‐gross‐promotes‐both‐sides‐of‐the‐hydrogen‐ev‐fence/ (8/31/2009)
Charles Freese, Executive Director of Fuel Cell Activities: ...fuel cell vehicles could be "commercialized" by
2015, and cost "competitive" by 2022. "It hits this tipping point in a roughly 2022 timetable," he said.
http://www.detnews.com/article/20090925/AUTO01/909250352/1148/AUTO01/Hydrogen+s+prospects+for+autos+refreshed
(9/25/2009)
Honda
Takanobu Ito, Honda CEO:
“I think the ultimate eco car is a fuel cell car.”
http://www.detnews.com/article/20100121/AUTO01/1210362/1148/auto01/2‐jobs‐work‐for‐Honda‐president (1/21/2010)
“We continue to believe that a fuel cell electric vehicle is the ultimate solution to reduce CO2 emissions. A fuel
cell car IS a full electric vehicle. But rather than use electricity from the grid, a fuel cell vehicle generates
electricity on board and refills more quickly. The development cost must come down and there must be a major
expansion of the hydrogen fueling infrastructure. But make no mistake. As a vehicle, the Honda FCX Clarity is
ready now. Further, Honda is unique in making long‐term investments to develop the refueling infrastructure for
alternative fuel vehicles.
This month, we will begin operation of a next‐generation solar hydrogen station at our Los Angeles R&D center.
This compact system was designed for daily home refueling of a fuel cell electric vehicle. Honda engineers were
Updated 2/10 Available for downloading at: http://www.fuelcells.org/automaker_quotes.pdf Created by Fuel Cells 2000
able to eliminate the compressor entirely to greatly reduce the size of the system to fit in the user's garage. The
potential of a solar hydrogen station is one reason a fuel cell electric vehicle is the ultimate eco‐car – the best
path to reduce CO2.”
http://green.autoblog.com/2010/01/12/honda‐ceo‐takanobu‐ito‐announces‐that‐acura‐will‐add‐a‐hybrid/ (1/12/2010)
• "The performance of batteries is evolving and there are possibilities. But the energy that can be stored is less
than an internal combustion engine can produce, and with current battery technology electric vehicles are city
commuters."
• "Honda has, from an early stage, worked on fuel cell vehicles. Battery EVs are heavy, not fun to drive and
aren’t reliable, and when it comes to cars lighter is better. FCVs are going in that direction."
• "We can do cost reduction and mass production of the technology. It’s simple to produce fuel cells; it’s the
chemicals they use that cost money, along with the precious metals. But we can cut the cost of those, too."
http://www.dailytech.com/Honda+CEO+Says+Clean+Diesel+Too+Tough+Salespeople+to+Blame+for+Image+Problems/article17101.htm
(12/11/2009)
He went on to say that while batteries are evolving, he didn't believe they would ever get to a stage where their
performance would be acceptable as the primary energy carrier. Instead he said that "people would become
more aware of the limits of BEVs" and come back to hydrogen fuel cells.
http://green.autoblog.com/2009/10/22/honda‐ceo‐people‐will‐embrace‐fuel‐cells‐when‐they‐realize‐batt/ (10/22/2009)
“Over the long term, the advancement of electromotive technologies is an important factor for the reduction of
CO2 emissions. Among potential solutions, we believe that the fuel cell electric vehicle will be the ultimate form
for automobiles in the future as it has advantages such as zero CO2 emissions in use, can travel considerable
distances without refueling and can be quickly refueled.”
http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2009/10/21/482084.html (10/21/2009)
"Although batteries are evolving, I don't think they can catch up with fuel cells."
http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/09_40/b4149000135061.htm?chan=globalbiz_europe+index+page_top+stories
(9/22/2009)
Takashi Moriya, General Manager for Technology Research: “Fuel‐cell cars will become necessary...We’re
positioning it as the ultimate zero‐emission car.”
http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=afMZ1CSLb2EQ# (8/12/2009)
Nissan
Carlos Ghosn, head of Renault‐Nissan: For him, the only real alternative is fuel cell cars running on hydrogen.
"It is a very promising concept."
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8501348.stm (2/9/2010)
Mark Perry, Director of Product Planning: “Zero emission vehicles are clearly our focus and we believe it’s the
future state of transportation. Some segments of the market in the near term may best be served by high
efficiency internal combustion engines, diesels, hybrids or extended range electric vehicles [also known as plugin
hybrids].” He added that these technologies are “all bridge technologies to the time when battery electric
vehicles and fuel cell vehicles can cover every market segment.”
http://www.hybridcars.com/news/honda‐and‐nissan‐consider‐plug‐hybrids‐25759.html (4/28/2009)
Toyota
Craig Scott, manager of Toyota's Advanced Technologies Group: "There are a ton of ‘ifs' conspiring against
batteries. People on the other side underestimate the challenge of electric‐vehicle infrastructure. There are a
very large percentage of people who don't have garages to plug into. And it will take billions to upgrade to a
smart grid, so that, come 5 pm, you don't plug in and take down the neighborhood. Take where we were in 1996
and where we are in 2009, and you'll see the fuel cell has had leaps and bounds greater development than the
EV. The fuel cell vehicle used to have to tow around its power train in a gigantic trailer. Now we have refueling in
3 to 4 minutes and a range over 400 miles." By comparison, Scott claims that today's EV's are still plagued with
Updated

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